Izinhlobo zamadayi ezindwangu kunzima ukuzibona ngeso lenyama futhi kufanele zinqunywe ngokunembile kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali.Indlela yethu evamile yamanje ukuthembela ezinhlotsheni zikadayi ezinikezwa ifekthri noma umfakisicelo wokuhlola, kanye nolwazi lwabahloli kanye nokuqonda kwabo ifekthri yokukhiqiza.ukwahlulela.Uma singaluhlonzi uhlobo lukadayi kusenesikhathi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi imikhiqizo engafanelekile izokwahlulelwa njengemikhiqizo efanelekayo, okungangabazeki ukuthi izoba nezinkinga ezinkulu.Ziningi izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuhlonza odayi, futhi izinqubo ezijwayelekile ziyinkimbinkimbi, zidla isikhathi futhi zidinga abasebenzi.Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sethula indlela elula yokuhlonza izinhlobo zamadayi emicu ye-cellulose ezindwangu eziphrintiwe nezidayiwe.
isimiso
Nquma izimiso zezindlela zokuhlonza ezilula
Ngokomgomo wokudaya odayi ezindwangu, izinhlobo zikadayi ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile zezithako ezijwayelekile zendwangu yendwangu yilena elandelayo:
Udayi we-Acrylic fiber-cationic
Inayiloni nama-protein fibers - odayi be-asidi
I-polyester namanye ama-chemical fibers-asakaza odayi
I-Cellulosic fibers - eqondile, ivulcanized, i-reactive, i-vat, i-naftol, i-coatings kanye nodayi be-phthalocyanine
Ezindwangu ezihlanganisiwe noma ezihlanganisiwe, izinhlobo zodayi zisetshenziswa ngokusho kwezingxenye zazo.Isibonelo, ekuhlanganiseni kwe-polyester nokotini, ingxenye ye-polyester yenziwe ngamadayi ahlakazayo, kuyilapho ingxenye kakotini yenziwa ngezinhlobo zedayi ezihambisanayo ezishiwo ngenhla, njengezingxube ze-disperse/cotton.Umsebenzi, inqubo yokusabalalisa/yokunciphisa, njll. Kubandakanya izindwangu kanye nezinsiza zezingubo ezifana nezintambo namawebhu.
Indlela
1. Ukusampula kanye nokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili
Izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuhlonzeni uhlobo lukadayi kumafayibha e-cellulose amasampula kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili.Lapho uthatha isampula, izingxenye zodayi ofanayo kufanele zithathwe.Uma isampula iqukethe amathoni amaningana, umbala ngamunye kufanele uthathwe.Uma ukuhlonza ifayibha kudingekile, uhlobo lwefayibha kufanele luqinisekiswe ngokwezinga le-FZ/TO1057.Uma kukhona ukungcola, amafutha, kanye ne-slurry kusampula ezothinta ukuhlolwa, kufanele iphathwe ngesihlanzi emanzini ashisayo ku-60-70 ° C imizuzu engu-15, igezwe, futhi yomiswe.Uma isampula saziwa ngokuthi i-resin-finished, sebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo.
1) Phatha i-uric acid resin nge-1% ye-hydrochloric acid ku-70-80 ° C imizuzu engu-15, geza futhi uyomise.
2) Nge-resin ye-acrylic, isampula ingashintshwa izikhathi ezingu-50-100 amahora angu-2-3, bese igezwa futhi yomiswe.
3) I-silicone resin ingelashwa ngensipho engu-5g/L kanye ne-5g/L sodium carbonate 90cI imizuzu engu-15, igezwe futhi yomiswe.
2. Indlela yokuhlonza amadayi aqondile
Bilisa isampula ngo-5 kuya ku-10 mL wesisombululo esinamanzi esiqukethe i-1 mL yamanzi e-ammonia agxilile ukuze ukhiphe udayi ngokugcwele.
Khipha isampula ekhishiwe, faka u-10-30mg wendwangu kakotini emhlophe kanye no-5-50mg we-sodium chloride ekhambini lokukhipha, ubilise iminyaka engu-40-80, uyeke ukuze uphole bese ugeza ngamanzi.Uma indwangu kakotini emhlophe idayiwe yaba cishe umbala ofanayo njengesampula, kungaphethwa ngokuthi udayi osetshenziselwa ukudaya isampula uwudayi oqondile.
3. Indlela yokubona odayi besulfure
Faka isampula engu-100-300mg eshubhuni yokuhlola engu-35mL, engeza amanzi angu-2-3mL, 1-2mL 10% wesixazululo se-sodium carbonate kanye no-200-400mg sodium sulfide, shisa futhi ubilise imizuzu engu-1-2, khipha indwangu kakotini emhlophe engu-25-50mg futhi I-10-20mg yesampula ye-sodium chloride ku-tube yokuhlola.Bilisa imizuzu engu-1-2.Yikhiphe futhi uyibeke ephepheni lokuhlunga ukuze uyivumele iphinde i-oxidize.Uma ukukhanya kombala okubangelwayo kufana nombala wokuqala futhi kuhluke kuphela emthunzini, kungabhekwa njengodayi we-sulfide noma we-sulfide vat.
4. Indlela yokubona odayi be-vat
Faka isampula engu-100-300mg eshubhuni yokuhlola engu-35mL, engeza amanzi angu-2-3mL kanye no-0.5-1mL 10% wesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide, ukushisa kanye nokubilisa, bese wengeza u-10-20mg womshwalense oyimpushana, ubilise imizuzu engu-0.5-1, khipha isampula bese ubeka. I-25-10% yesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide.Indwangu kakotini emhlophe engu-50mg kanye ne-0-20mg ye-sodium chloride, qhubeka ubilise ama-40-80s, bese upholisa ekamelweni lokushisa.Khipha indwangu kakotini futhi uyibeke ephepheni lokuhlunga ukuze i-oxidation.Uma umbala ngemva kwe-oxidation ufana nombala wokuqala, kubonisa ukuba khona kwedayi ye-vat.
5. Ungawubona kanjani udayi we-Naftol
Bilisa isampula izikhathi eziyi-100 yenani lesisombululo se-hydrochloric acid esingu-1% imizuzu emi-3.Ngemva kokugeza ngokuphelele ngamanzi, yibilise ngo-5-10 mL wamanzi angu-1% ammonia imizuzu emi-2.Uma udayi awukwazi ukukhishwa noma inani lokukhipha lincane kakhulu, bese uphatha nge-sodium hydroxide ne-sodium dithionite.Ngemva kokuguquka kombala noma ukuguquguquka, umbala wangempela awukwazi ukubuyiselwa ngisho noma ufakwe i-oxidized emoyeni, futhi ukuba khona kwensimbi akunakuqinisekiswa.Ngalesi sikhathi, lezi zivivinyo ezi-2 ezilandelayo zingenziwa.Uma udayi ungakhishwa ekuhlolweni okungu-1), naku-2) Ekuhlolweni, uma indwangu kakotini emhlophe idayiwe ngokuphuzi futhi ikhipha ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, kungaphetha ngokuthi udayi osetshenziswe kusampula udayi we-Naftol.
1) Faka isampula eshubhuni yokuhlola, engeza u-5mL we-pyridine bese ubilisa ukuze ubone ukuthi udayi ukhishiwe yini.
2) Faka isampula eshubhuni lokuhlola, engeza u-2 mL wesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide engu-10% kanye no-5 mL we-ethanol, engeza u-5 mL wamanzi kanye ne-sodium dithionite ngemva kokubilisa, bese ubilisa ukuze unciphise.Ngemuva kokupholisa, hlunga, faka indwangu kakotini emhlophe kanye ne-20-30 mg ye-sodium chloride ku-filtrate, ubilise imizuzu engu-1-2, uyeke ukuze uphole, ukhiphe indwangu kakotini, futhi ubheke ukuthi indwangu kakotini iyashintsha yini uma ikhanyiswe ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
6. Indlela yokubona odayi abasebenzayo
Isici samadayi asebenzayo ukuthi anezibopho zamakhemikhali ezizinzile ezinemicu futhi kunzima ukuncibilika emanzini nasezincibilikisini.Njengamanje, ayikho indlela yokuhlola ecacile ngokukhethekile.Ukuhlolwa kombala kungenziwa kuqala, kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-aqueous esingu-1:1 se-dimethylmethylamine kanye ne-100% ye-dimethylformamide ukufaka umbala kusampula.Udayi ongenambala uwudayi osebenzayo.Ukuze uthole izesekeli zezingubo ezifana namabhande kakotini, odayi abasebenzayo bemvelo basetshenziswa kakhulu.
7. Indlela yokubona upende
Izindwangu, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-pigments, azinabudlelwane bemicu futhi zidinga ukumiswa emicu nge-adhesive (imvamisa i-resin adhesive).I-microscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa.Okokuqala khipha noma yisiphi isitashi noma ama-ejenti aqeda inhlaka angase abe khona kusampula ukuze uwavimbele ekuphazamiseni ukuhlonza udayi.Engeza iconsi elingu-1 le-ethyl salicylate ku-fiber ephathwa ngenhla, yimboze ngesiliphu sekhava bese uyibheka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.Uma i-fiber surface ibonakala iyimbudumbudu, ingabonakala njenge-pigment ehlanganiswe ne-resin (upende).
8. Indlela yokubona odayi be-phthalocyanine
Uma i-nitric acid egxilile yehlelwa kusampula, udayi oluhlaza ogqamile yi-phthalocyanine.Ukwengeza, uma isampula ishiswa ilangabi futhi liphenduka ngokusobala libe luhlaza, kungafakazelwa nokuthi udayi we-phthalocyanine.
Ekuphetheni
Indlela yokuhlonza esheshayo engenhla ngeyokuhlonza ngokushesha izinhlobo zikadayi kumafayibha e-cellulose.Ngezinyathelo zokuhlonza ezingenhla:
Okokuqala, ingagwema ubumpumputhe obubangelwa ukuthembela nje ohlotsheni lukadayi olunikezwa umfakisicelo futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kwesahlulelo sokuhlola;
Okwesibili, ngale ndlela elula yokuqinisekisa okuhlosiwe, izinqubo eziningi zokuhlola ukuhlonza ezingadingekile zingancishiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2023