Impahla enayiloniisetshenziswa kakhulu, amasokisi amancanyana ukuya enayiloni, izingxenye ezinkulu zenjini yemoto, njll., ihlanganise zonke izici zempilo yethu.Izindawo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, izidingo zezakhiwo zezinto zenayiloni nazo zihlukile, njengokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokumelana nomthelela, ukumelana ne-ejenti yamakhemikhali, ukukhanya nokuqina.
Inayiloni evamile, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku-PA6, PA66 izinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile.Inayiloni evamile ekuthuthukisweni, ekubuyiseleni amalangabi nokunye ukuguqulwa kusazoba nokushiyeka okukhulu, okufana ne-hydrophilicity eqinile, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukungafihli kahle nokunye, okukhawulela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze sithuthukise ukushiyeka nokwandisa izici ezintsha, ngokuvamile ngokwethula ama-monomers amasha okwenziwa, singathola uchungechunge lwenayiloni ekhethekile enezici ezihlukene ezingahlangabezana nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi ezihlukanisweizinga lokushisa eliphezulu inayiloni, inayiloni ye-carbon chain ende, inayiloni esobala, izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio inayiloni ne-elastomer enayiloni nokunye.
Khona-ke, ake sikhulume ngezigaba zenayiloni ekhethekile, izici zabo kanye nezicelo.
Izibonelo zokuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kweinayiloni ekhethekile
1. Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu -- inayiloni yokushisa ephezulu
Okokuqala nje, inayiloni enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa isho izinto zenayiloni ezingasetshenziswa endaweni engaphezu kuka-150 ° C isikhathi eside.
Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa okuphezulu kwenayiloni yokushisa okuphezulu ngokuvamile kutholakala ngokwethula ama-monomers anuka kamnandi.Isibonelo, inayiloni enamakha, ejwayeleke kakhulu i-Kevlar kaDuPont, elungiswa ngokusabela kwe-p-benzoyl chloride ene-p-phenylenediamine noma i-p-amino-benzoic acid, ebizwa ngokuthi i-PPTA, ingagcina amandla amahle ku-280 °. C ngo-200h.
Nokho, wonke high elimnandiinayiloni lokushisaayilungile ukusetshenzwa futhi kunzima ukufeza ukubumba komjovo, ngakho inayiloni yokushisa ephezulu enuka kamnandi ehlanganiswe ne-aliphatic nephunga elimnandi ithandwa kakhulu.Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi zenayiloni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eliphezulu, njenge-PA4T, PA6T, PA9T, PA10T, njll., ziyinayiloni enephunga elimnandi lezinga lokushisa eliphezulu eyenziwe nge-polymerized kusuka ku-straight chain aliphatic diamine kanye ne-terephthalic acid.
Inayiloni yokushisa ephezulu isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izingxenye zemishini kanye nezingxenye zikagesi/i-electronic.
2. Ukuqina okuphezulu - inayiloni ye-carbon chain ende
Eyesibili inayiloni ye-carbon chain ende, ngokuvamile ebhekisela ezintweni zenayiloni ezinama-methylene angaphezu kuka-10 eketangeni lamangqamuzana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inayiloni ye-carbon chain ende inamaqembu e-methylene amaningi, ngakho inokuqina okuphezulu nokuthambile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuncishiswa kokuminyana kwamaqembu e-amide ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana kunciphisa kakhulu i-hydrophilicity futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo kobukhulu, futhi izinhlobo zayo ziyi-PA11, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1212 njalonjalo.
Njengezinhlobonhlobo ezibalulekile zamapulasitiki wobunjiniyela, inayiloni ende yekhabhoni inezinzuzo zokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi, ukumelana kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, usayizi ozinzile, ukuqina okuhle, ukumuncwa okungezwani nokushaqeka okungagqoki, njll., futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, ezokuxhumana, emishinini. , izinto zikagesi, i-aerospace, izimpahla zezemidlalo neminye imikhakha.
3. Ukucaca okuphezulu - inayiloni esobala
Inayiloni evamile ivamise ukubukeka ngendlela ekhanyayo, ukudluliswa kokukhanya phakathi kuka-50% no-80%, futhi ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwenayiloni okusobala kuvamise ukuba ngaphezu kwama-90%.
Inayiloni esobala ingashintshwa ngezindlela ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali.Indlela engokwenyama iwukwengeza i-nucleating agent futhi unciphise usayizi wayo wokusanhlamvu ebangeni le-wavelength elibonakalayo ukuze uthole inayiloni esobala ye-microcrystalline.Indlela yamakhemikhali ukwethula i-monomer equkethe iqembu eliseceleni noma isakhiwo sendandatho, ukucekela phansi ukujwayela kweketango lamangqamuzana, futhi uthole inayiloni esobala e-amorphous.
Inayiloni esobala ingasetshenziselwa isiphuzo kanye nokupakisha ukudla, kodwa futhi ingakhiqiza amathuluzi okukhanya nezingxenye zekhompiyutha, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zokuqapha iWindows, iwindi lensimbi ye-X-ray, amathuluzi okulinganisa, isitoreji sonjiniyela we-electrostatic copier, ikhava yamalambu akhethekile, izitsha kanye neziqukathi zokudla. .
4. Ukusimama - Bio-sekelweIzinto Inayiloni
Njengamanje, iningi lama-monomers okwenziwa ezinhlobonhlobo zenayiloni asuka emzileni wokucwengiswa kwe-petroleum, futhi i-monomer yokwenziwa yezinto ezisekelwe ku-bio inayiloni isuka emzileni wokukhipha izinto ezingavuthiwe, njenge-Arkema ngomzila wokukhipha uwoyela we-castor ukuze uthole i-amino undecanoic. i-asidi bese kuba inayiloni yokwenziwa 11.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenayiloni yendabuko esekwe kuwoyela, inayiloni esekelwe ku-bio ayigcini nje ngokuba nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zekhabhoni ephansi nezemvelo, kodwa futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza kwesixazululo, njengochungechunge lwe-PA5X olusekelwe ku-Shandong Kaisai, i-Arkema. Uchungechunge lwe-Rilsan ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izinto zikagesi kanye nemboni yokunyathelisa ye-3D nezinye izici zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo.
5.Ukunwebeka okuphezulu -- inayiloni elastomer
Inayiloni elastomeribhekisela ezinhlotsheni zenayiloni ezinokuqina okuphezulu, isisindo esilula nezinye izici, kodwa kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi ukwakheka kweketango lamangqamuzana enayiloni elastomer akuzona zonke izingxenye zeketanga le-polyamide, kanye nezingxenye zeketanga le-polyether noma le-polyester, izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezentengiso i-polyether block amide. (PEBA).
Izici zokusebenza ze-PEBA zingamandla aqinile aqinile, ukululama okuhle kokunwebeka, amandla omthelela aphezulu okushisa aphansi, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-antistatic, njll., esetshenziswa ezicathulweni zokuqwala izintaba, amabhuzu e-ski, igiya lokuthulisa kanye nama-catheter wezokwelapha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2023